A specialised subset of machine learning that uses multi-layered neural networks to analyse various factors of data. Deep learning models can automatically discover representations from raw data through multiple layers of abstraction, enabling more sophisticated pattern recognition.

Deep learning has revolutionised AI by enabling breakthroughs in image recognition, natural language processing, and speech recognition. Unlike traditional machine learning that requires feature engineering, deep learning automatically extracts hierarchical features from raw data. This approach has proven particularly effective for complex tasks where traditional algorithms struggle, though it typically requires larger datasets and more computational resources than other ML approaches.

A medical imaging AI that can identify early signs of disease in radiological scans with accuracy comparable to expert radiologists by learning from millions of labelled images.